Journal of implantology and applied sciences ISSN:2765-7833(Print) 2765-7841(Online) 대한구강악안면임플란트학회지

Purpose: The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of chemically surface modification with hydrophilicity on various physiochemical parameters which are involved in in vitro osteogenesis and in vivo new bone formation. Materials and Methods: Commercially pure grade IV titanium disks with 12 mm diameter and 1mm height were manufactured by computerized numerical control machining. The sandblasted with large-grit alumina and acid etched (SA) surface was prepared by sandblasting with 250~500 μm Al2O3 grit and acid etching in hydrochloric and sulfuric acid according to the proprietary process. The chemically activated calcium-modified SA (CA) surface was prepared by a controlled process for the protection of carbon adsorption after SA surface treatment. After surface treatment, we verified the surface characteristics between two surfaces by scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle measurement. The biological efficiency and capability of chemically activated surface was evaluated by various in vitro tests and an in vivo push-in test. Results: SEM investigations for macro and micro topography between SA and CA surface indicated no optical differences, but the carbon contents and wettability were different between the two surfaces. The CA surface showed lower carbon contents and higher wettability compared to the SA surface. Albumin adsorption, platelet adsorption and activation on chemically activated CA surface were dramatically enhanced compared with hydrophobic SA surface. Also, these hydrophilic CA surface showed a higher osteoblastic response such as cell adhesion, proliferation, alkarine phosphatase activity and mineralization. Conclusion: In this study, we verified that chemistry and wettability of titanium surface were important variables in determining protein and osteoblast response. A chemically activated and super hydrophilic CA surface may play roles in stimulating the bone formation and ultimately enhanced initial implant stability compared with a hydrophobic SA surface.